Has the parent plant an extended history of cultivation and of safe use? If not, explain.

A1

IWhat, if any, unintended pleiotropic effects, including undesirable effects on agronomic characteristics of the plant, may result from the expression of the transgene in the GMO (e.g. reduced fertility, increased disease prevalence, production losses, grain shedding)? Indicate the likelihood of these events.

C8, C10

Describe the mechanism of pollen spread (by insect vectors or by other means) in the plant.

D3

Provide any available data on pollen viability for the plant.

C9, D2

Indicate any potential pollinators and their range and distribution in Singapore.

D3

Are any members of the genus of unmodified parent plants known to be weeds in any environment? If so, specify.

A3

Are there any literature reports on cross-pollination between the species to which the GMO belongs and wild relatives known to be weeds? If so, please list.

D2, A6

Provide quantitative data on successful cross-pollination between the plant and its wild relatives.

D2, A6

If you know that sexually compatible plants live near the site of the release, give details and quantify the chances for cross-pollination.

D2

If cross-pollination occurred, would the resulting plants survive/compete well? If not, why not?

D1

Will the plants in this release be allowed to set seed? If not, is this planned for later releases?

D2

If plants are allowed to set seed, does the mature seed normally remain contained within an ear, capsule, pod etc. so that practically all of the seed can readily be harvested, or is the seed shed soon after it matures?

D2

Can the seed be dispersed by natural mechanisms? If so, describe.

D3

Are the seeds capable of being dormant for a long time? If so, how long?

C9, D2

Can the plant be dispersed by vegetative propagation? If so, describe the possible mechanisms.

D3

What is the likelihood that the imparted characteristic could be integrated into other species, with adverse consequences?

D2

If there is any possibility of such integration, would it have the potential to affect the distribution and abundance of the other species? If so, specify. Data on the factors which normally control populations of these other species in the natural environment (e.g. pathogens, herbivory, physiological stress) may be relevant.

C6, D1, D8, D4

If there is any possibility of such integration, has any attempt been made to minimize the risk (e.g. by imparting male sterility or other means of reproductive isolation)? If not, why not?

C5, D7

How might the plant's competitive advantages (fitness) be changed
(i) in the agricultural setting;
(ii) in the natural environment? Explain

D1

Does the novel characteristic change the capacity of the plant to add substances to or subtract substances from the soil (e.g. nitrogen, toxic compounds)? If so, describe the change.

C4, D4

Is there any likelihood that the introduced gene could cause an increase in toxicity of the plant for animals and humans? If so, provide available data.

C2, E2

Could any products of the plant concentrate in the natural or human food chain to level which become toxic? If so, explain.

C2, E3

Is the biodegradability of the plant changed? If so, how?

D4

What secondary ecological effects might result from release of the GMO (e.g. effect on endangered native species, resistance of insect populations to an insecticide, reduction or increases in numbers of prey or parasites)?

D4, D8

If the construct involves resistance to a chemical agent (other than selective agents, such as antibiotics, used in strain construction):

i) provide data on the degradability, selectivity and toxicity of the chemical concerned;

ii) what is the agronomic significance of the chemical?

iii) what is the biological activity of the chemical?

iv) how is the chemical applied and used?

General Information, C6

If the construct involves resistance to a herbicide, explain:

i) what impact the release will have on use of that herbicide (provide forecasts on areas to be sprayed and volumes to be applied);

ii) what impact the release will have on total use of other herbicides and insecticides;

iii) what impact the release will have on weed control;

iv) what effect the release will have on the overall farming system;

v) how the release will affect programs designed to involve environmentally friendly chemicals or practices;

vi) the role that the release will have in future pest management strategies.

General Information, C6